Management of excessive bleeding before or during surgery

Surgical Hemostatics = Styptics
1- Physical Methods: Pressure , Cold , Cautery.
2- Vasoconstrictors: Adrenaline.
3- Astringents: Tannic Acid & Alum (They Precipitate Blood Proteins Causing Contraction)
4- Local Coagulants. (To Be Discussed)
5- Systemic Coagulants. (To Be Discussed)

:: Local Coagulants ::
1- Thromboblastin. (Coagulin)
2- Thrombin.
3- Fibrin Glue.
4- Human Fibrin Foam.
5- Absorbable Gelatin Sponge.
6- Oxyce. (Oxidized Cellulose)

:: Systemic Coagulants ::
1- Fresh blood transfusion to restore blood volume and to supply coagulation factors.
2- IF DUE TO capillary fragility. Vit C + Vit P
3- IF DUE TO HEMOPHILIA. (Anti-Hemophilic Globulin Factor 8) or (Tranexamic Acid)
4- IF DUE TO FIBRINOLYRIC THERAPY. (Tranexamic Acid)
5- IF DUE TO ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY. (If heparin give protamine sulphate) , (If warfarian give vit K)

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